Unit 10 : Chemistry of Metal | Class 11 Complete Chemistry Notes

Unit-10

Chemistry of Metals

Metals and Metallurgical Principles

All the elements of the periodic table are categorized into three groups.

1. Metals:

Metals are malleable, ductile, hard, tensile, good conductor and lustrous Metals are hard except few metals like alkali metals and mercury. They are good reducing agents. Most of the metals are found in combined state in nature however few metal like Cu, Au, Ag, Hg, Pt etc are found in Free State Metals are classified in to two types

a. Reactive metals 

Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are very reactive metal So, these metals are called reactive metals such as Na, K, M, Ca, Ba etc

b. Transition metals: 

All most all the d-block metal elements which are comparatively less reactive and have variable valencies are termed as transition metal such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Co. Pt. Pd etc

2. Metalloids:

Elements which possess intermediate properties between metals and non metals are called metalloid or semi metals Metalloids act as electron donors with non metals and act as electron acceptor with metals. Hence, they are borderline elements between metals and non metals. For eg Beryllium (Be), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As). Arimony (Sb)

Characteristic of Metalloids:

1. They exhibit allotropy
2. They are poor conductors of heat and electricity They are neither malleable nor ductile
3. They can form hydrides with hydrogen like AsH3 ShH3
4. They are oxidized by nitric acid

3. Non metals:

The elements which are bad conductor and have no malleability, ductility, lusture and tensile property are called non metal elements such as F, Cl, O, N, P, Br, S, Ar etc.

Metallurgy and its types:

The technology or the process which is applied (operated) for extraction of metals in free and pure form from their ores is called metallurgy It is an art or science which involves various physical as well as chemical methods. The method in metallurgy depends upon the nature of metal, its ore and nature of impurities present in it

Types of metallurgy:

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Depending up on the methods involve in extraction metals, metallurgy is broadly classified in to three types

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